Arab Parties’ Backing Puts Netanyahu’s Rival Ahead as Coalition Negotiations Begin

Israel’s political landscape has entered a new phase of uncertainty after Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s main rival, Gadi Eisenkot, secured the backing of a majority of lawmakers to attempt to form the next government. The Arab-majority Joint List formally endorsed Eisenkot on November 5, joining another Arab-led party, Ra’am, in supporting his candidacy.

However, neither Eisenkot nor his allies have confirmed whether they will accept the support of the Arab parties. President Isaac Herzog has said he will nominate a candidate to form the government by Sunday, November 8, following consultations with political representatives.

The October 27 election left the 120-member Knesset without a clear majority. Netanyahu’s right-wing and ultra-Orthodox alliance secured 53 seats, while Eisenkot’s opposition alliance won 48. The two Arab-led blocs, Ra’am and the Joint List, together secured 19 seats. Their combined support could take Eisenkot’s backing to 67 lawmakers, above the required majority of 61.

Three possible scenarios could shape the government formation process: an alliance with Arab parties, support from ultra-Orthodox lawmakers, or a national unity government involving Netanyahu.

Three Possible Routes to Power Amid Political Deadlock

The first option for Eisenkot is to seek support from Ra’am and the Joint List. While both have endorsed his candidacy, differences over Israel’s political identity, military service and the Palestinian conflict could complicate negotiations. Eisenkot has previously ruled out depending on Arab parties to form a government.

The second possibility is an understanding with the ultra-Orthodox United Torah Judaism party. Its lawmakers could abstain during a confidence vote, potentially allowing Eisenkot to secure a majority among those voting. However, disagreements over military-service exemptions for Haredi students remain a major obstacle.

A third possibility is a national unity government involving Netanyahu and opposition leaders, potentially through a rotating prime ministership. However, Eisenkot has repeatedly rejected serving under Netanyahu.

Meanwhile, Netanyahu could remain prime minister if coalition negotiations fail. Under Israel’s Basic Law, the outgoing government continues functioning until a new administration takes office. If attempts to form a government fail within the prescribed period, the country could face another election, extending the political uncertainty.