Coal India Bets on Automation for Safer, More Efficient Mining

Coal India Ltd (CIL) is undertaking a major transformation of its underground and open-cast mining operations by adopting advanced technologies aimed at improving efficiency, safety and sustainability, according to a factsheet issued by the Coal Ministry.

The government-owned mining company is moving away from conventional mining practices towards digital and automated systems. Technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI) and data analytics are being deployed to reduce workers' exposure to hazards, improve coal recovery and enable predictive maintenance, automated dispatch and smart control rooms.

CIL is using advanced exploration techniques, including core drilling and 2D/3D seismic surveys, along with remote sensing, GIS, LiDAR and drones. Machine-learning models are also being used to interpret geological data and identify coal seams more efficiently.

The company has signed an MoU with the National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) to develop an AI-powered satellite-based geospatial dashboard for mine monitoring and environmental auditing.

CIL focuses on safer technology, underground production and cleaner operations

CIL is progressively adopting blast-free mining technology to reduce dust, noise and vibration while improving product quality and reducing coal losses. Electric detonators were phased out during 2024-25 in favour of electronic detonators.

AI-based safety systems, including operator fatigue monitoring, proximity-warning systems, 360-degree cameras and automated fire detection and suppression, are being integrated into mining operations. AI simulators and virtual-reality training are also being used to strengthen workforce safety and preparedness.

Digital systems such as GPS-based truck dispatch, payload monitoring and vehicle-health monitoring are helping improve fleet utilisation. CIL is targeting underground coal production of around 100 million tonnes, with Continuous Miner, Longwall and Highwall technologies being deployed.

The company is also investing in Paste Fill technology to recover high-grade coal locked in underground pillars, while strengthening ventilation and strata-management systems.

Coal evacuation infrastructure is being upgraded through First Mile Connectivity and railway projects. Four of seven critical railway projects involving an investment of Rs 23,465 crore have been commissioned, with the remaining projects targeted for completion by FY 2027-28.

Looking ahead, CIL plans to develop intelligent, autonomous and low-carbon mining operations. Remote-operated dozers, electric mobility and Trolley Assist technology are being piloted, while the company is working with IIT Madras on safer electrification of mining equipment.

In underground mines, CIL is also developing 5G networks, digital twins and autonomous monitoring rovers to support communication, automation and simulation, marking a further shift towards technology-driven mining.