Quantum Communication, let's explore further!

Technology Employed: Free-Space Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) Utilizing Quantum Entanglement.

Key Rate Security: ~240 bits per second.

Distance: More than 1 km free-space optical connection on the IIT Delhi campus.

Quantum Communication

Quantum communication leverages quantum physics, particularly quantum entanglement, to establish highly secure pathways for transmitting information.

Quantum Entanglement: When two photons are linked, observing one immediately reveals the state of the other — regardless of the distance between them.

Primary objective: To ensure communication is secure from leaks. Any attempt at eavesdropping will disrupt the entangled state, disclosing the breach.

What does Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) mean?

QKD enables the secure transfer of encryption keys through the principles of quantum mechanics.

Utilizes photons (light particles) to transmit information.

QKD that relies on quantum entanglement is extremely secure — any attempt to hack disrupts the system and is identified.

Ventaja de la Distribución de Clave Cuántica (QKD) basada en el entrelazamiento:

Safety even with flawed or breached devices.

Detection of intrusions via disturbance in quantum states.

More resilient than conventional prepare-and-measure QKD techniques.

Usages:

Defense communications.

Safe banking and telecommunications networks.

Protection of data in strategic sectors.

Economical: Free-space QKD eliminates expensive fiber installation in difficult terrains.

Reasons for Free-Space Communication?

Free-space or satellite-based QKD can link long distances without installing cables.

Optical fiber cables turn expensive and unfeasible across extensive distances.

Worldwide Assessment

Since 2021, China has been at the forefront with a 4,600 km quantum network.

Nearly ten years ago, China showcased satellite-based quantum communication, benefiting from an early start in quantum communication efforts that began in the early 2000s.

Since 2005, there have been terrestrial demonstrations in Europe, Canada, and the United States of free-space (cableless) QKD exceeding 100 km, indicating that India has considerable progress to make in QKD-entanglement communication.

Difficulties

To develop a variety of enabling technologies, a sizable, committed team of multidisciplinary, skilled experts is needed in addition to sufficient funding.

Error in free-space is increased by atmospheric disturbances.

India needs to catch up to world leaders because it started late (in the 2020s).

In contrast to free-space channels, fibre optic cables offer a stable channel for quantum communication.

Plans for the Future

India is concentrating on satellite-based long-distance QKD under the National Quantum Mission (NQM).

Lab-to-market technologies, domestic equipment, and quantum start-ups are all included in the support.

In five to ten years, India hopes to have a quantum network throughout the country and satellite-based QKD.