The first chromosome-level genome of the Indian yak (Bos grunniens), Indian researchers have made a major contribution to yak genomic studies

The program, spearheaded by ICAR-NRC on Yak in Dirang, will enhance breeding efforts and strengthen conservation for this high-altitude livestock species.

Regarding the Indian Yak:

What It Represents:

The Himalayan yak is a long-haired bovine species that thrives at high altitudes and is part of the Bovini tribe (which includes cattle, buffalo, and bison).

Scientifically referred to as Bos grunniens, it is esteemed as the 'ship of the Himalayas' for its usefulness in transport and livelihood.

Habitat and Range:

• Native to the Tibetan Plateau and adjacent high-elevation areas.
• At ease at elevations exceeding 14,000 feet.
• In India, yaks are raised in:
• Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, along with Ladakh.

Main Characteristics:

Extreme Cold Tolerance: Endures temperatures down to –40°C.

Altered Physiology: Has a larger rumen to effectively break down low-quality forage.

Dense Fur: Lengthy, flowing hair creates a protective barrier against chilly breezes.

Transhumant Breeding: Historically governed by basic nomadic practices.

Lifeline of Nomads: Essential for milk, meat, wool, hides, dung fuel, and transportation in Himalayan economies.

Importance:

• Livelihood Stability: Foundation of pastoral societies in environmentally sensitive areas.
• Genetic Resource: Provides characteristics such as cold tolerance and disease resistance, crucial for breeding livestock suited for climate challenges.
• Economic Significance: Backs eco-tourism, dairy collectives, and the wool sector in mountainous regions.
• Ecological Function: Essential for preserving the equilibrium of grasslands and the sustainability of pastures in alpine meadows.