Environmental & Health Alert: IMD Forecasts Cold Wave Across North India

The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has issued an alert forecasting an approaching cold wave across several northern states, including Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, and adjoining regions. According to Saachibaat, the upcoming weather system is expected to bring a sharp drop in temperatures accompanied by dense to very dense fog in parts of Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and the Indo-Gangetic plains.

The forecast comes at a time when winter conditions are already intensifying in many areas, prompting state authorities to begin preparations for public safety, healthcare readiness, and disruption management.

Health Risks: Vulnerable Groups Most Affected

Cold Stress, Fog-Linked Accidents, and Respiratory Challenges

The combination of cold-wave conditions and thick fog poses significant public health concerns. A sudden drop in temperature can lead to cold stress, hypothermia, and heightened risk for the elderly, infants, and people with chronic illnesses. Fog aggravates respiratory problems, especially for patients suffering from asthma, bronchitis, and other pulmonary conditions.

Dense fog also reduces visibility drastically, resulting in higher accident risk, both on highways and in urban traffic corridors. Health advisories are expected to be issued urging citizens to use layered clothing, avoid early-morning travel, and stay indoors during peak fog hours.

Public hospitals and primary health centres may require additional preparedness for increased patient inflow, particularly from low-income and outdoor-working populations.

Agriculture, Energy Demand & Public Infrastructure

Cold Wave May Influence Rabi Crops and Power Consumption Patterns

Cold waves can directly influence agricultural output. Rabi crops such as wheat, mustard, and chickpeas are sensitive to extreme temperature variations. While moderate cold benefits certain crops, sharp temperature declines may damage seedlings or slow growth.

The cold conditions are also likely to increase energy and heating demand, putting pressure on electricity grids and LPG usage, particularly in rural and semi-urban areas. Rising consumption may impact supply chains and pricing in the short term.

Fog-related disruptions could affect railway operations, flights, and road transport, leading to delays and logistical challenges for goods movement.

Need for Policy & Administrative Preparedness

Coordinated State Response Essential

State governments are expected to activate winter action plans, including:

• night shelters for the homeless,
• distribution of blankets and warm clothing to vulnerable groups,
• advisories for farmers, and
• coordination with health, power, and transport departments.

The IMD alert underscores the need for timely preparedness and risk mitigation, ensuring safety and continuity of services during extreme winter conditions.