New NCERT textbooks link ancient Indian science with modern discoveries

The latest editions of NCERT textbooks for Classes 5 and 8 introduce students to a curriculum that connects India's rich scientific heritage with contemporary developments in science, space, health, and society.

Released by the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT), the new Class 8 Science textbook titled "Curiosity" highlights how ancient Indian knowledge systems continue to shape and inspire present-day scientific thought.

"This integration of traditional knowledge with modern scientific education is intended to develop curiosity, environmental awareness, ethical values, and critical thinking," states the foreword of the textbook.

In one of its chapters titled "Health: The Ultimate Treasure," a section named "Our Scientific Heritage" draws attention to India’s historical use of variolation, a traditional method to protect against smallpox, predating Edward Jenner’s development of the modern vaccine.

It also features an "Ever Heard Of?" segment that recognizes India’s global contributions to health, noting, "Indian vaccine companies played a key role during the COVID-19 pandemic and continue to support the global health efforts."

The textbook discusses the early concept of atoms as presented by ancient Indian philosopher Acharya Kanad.

In the chapter "Particulate Nature of Matter," it says, "Acharya Kanad, an ancient Indian philosopher, first spoke about the idea of a Parmanu (atom)."

Another chapter, "Nature of Matter: Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures," references the use of alloys in ancient Indian medicine.

Indian space achievements also feature prominently. Students will learn about Chandrayaan 1, 2, and 3; the Aditya L1 solar mission; and Mangalyaan, India’s Mars orbiter mission, as examples of how modern Indian science builds on a long-standing tradition of astronomical observation.

The chapter "Light: Mirrors and Lenses" explores how astronomers during Bhaskara II’s time, more than 800 years ago, used shallow water bowls and angled tubes to observe the sky.

The book states that they used reflections to "measure the positions of stars and planets in the sky," showing a practical understanding of the laws of reflection even before these concepts were formally documented.

NCERT's updated English textbooks also bring new additions. Class 8 students will now read about Major Somnath Sharma, the first recipient of the Param Vir Chakra, and the Battle of Budgam. These narratives aim to instill patriotism and historical awareness.

In "Santoor," the Class 5 English textbook, a section titled "Let us explore" encourages children to think about their future professions.

Illustrated examples include a woman pilot and photographer placed alongside a male chef and florist, reflecting efforts toward breaking gender stereotypes.

A chapter titled "Panchayat" features a woman panchayat head, highlighting female leadership at the grassroots level.

The book also sheds light on the impact of the 33% reservation for women in local bodies, which has enhanced women’s participation in village-level decision-making.

Additionally, students are taught the importance of water conservation and introduced to traditional and modern sports, including "Gilli Danda" and hockey, making learning more engaging and culturally rooted.

The revised textbooks are part of a broader effort under the National Education Policy (NEP) to combine cultural context with academic concepts, encouraging students to explore science and society through both modern and traditional lenses.