Recent experiments in condensed matter involving superconducting nanowires have displayed signals that align with Majorana modes
What is it?
A theoretical particle that serves as its own antiparticle.
In contrast to electrons or protons that annihilate with their antimatter versions, Majoranas exhibit complete symmetry.
Found by:
Suggested in 1937 by Italian scientist Ettore Majorana.
Initially proposed in theoretical particle physics; subsequently investigated in condensed matter systems as quasiparticles.
Features:
Self-mirror characteristic: A Majorana particle serves as its own antiparticle. In contrast to an electron (matter) and positron (antimatter), there is no difference.
No self-annihilation: When two Majoranas come together, they do not eliminate each other, in contrast to ordinary matter-antimatter pairs.
Neutral particles: They possess no electric charge, making direct detection more challenging.
Manifest in unique substances: In laboratories, they appear as quasiparticles within superconductors at very low temperatures, rather than as free particles found in nature.
Arrive in pairs: They generally exist as two distinct sections. They collectively create a single quantum state, but each portion is kept at a significant distance, providing inherent error resistance.
Exotic quantum behavior: They fall under a unique group known as non-Abelian anyons. When you exchange or "intertwine" them, the total quantum state alters in a distinctive, expected manner.
Difficult to identify: Indicators that imply their existence can frequently be replicated by other phenomena, leading researchers to be careful in their validation.
Uses:
Quantum Computing: basis of topological qubits, inherently resilient to decoherence and interference.
Fermion Physics: exploration for essential Majorana fermions (e.g., determining if neutrinos are Majorana particles).
Condensed Matter Physics: progress in superconductors, nanostructures, and quantum substances.
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