Pregnancies that occur outside the uterus

What is an abnormal pregnancy?

An ectopic pregnancy happens when a fertilized egg attaches outside the uterus, typically within the fallopian tube.

Due to the fact that only the uterus can sustain a developing fetus, these pregnancies cannot continue normally and necessitate immediate medical intervention.

How Does It Happen?

Typically, the fertilized egg moves from the ovary to the uterus through the fallopian tube.

If the egg's route is obstructed—because of inflammation, scarring, surgery, or structural anomalies—it might attach in other locations such as:

Ectopic pregnancy (fallopian tube)

Ovaries

Abdominal space

Cervical region

Indications:

Initial symptoms may resemble typical pregnancy signs (skipped menstrual cycle, breast soreness).

Warning signals comprise: Intense abdominal or pelvic discomfort, Vaginal hemorrhaging, Lightheadedness or loss of consciousness, Pain in the shoulder, and Reduced blood pressure.

A torn fallopian tube is a critical emergency situation.

Frequency:

A 2023 study from India reported an incidence rate of 0.91–2.3% in hospitals.

Worldwide, ectopic pregnancies have decreased (1990–2019) but continue to be prevalent in low socio-demographic index (SDI) nations, according to a global study from 2025.

Assessment and Therapy:

Identified via blood tests, urine tests, and transvaginal ultrasound.

The majority are recognized in the initial stages of pregnancy.

Options for Treatment:

Medical Administration:

Methotrexate stops cell proliferation and breaks down embryonic tissue.

Effective solely in early-stage, unruptured ectopic pregnancies.

Surgical Procedure:

Laparoscopic surgery eliminates the embryo or the impacted fallopian tube.

In the case of a rupture, emergency surgery might be required