Rise in ADHD cases among young adults at AIIMS OPD raises concerns

An increasing number of young adults between the ages of 20 and 27 are reporting symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) at the outpatient department (OPD) of AIIMS, Delhi. This developmental disorder, typically diagnosed in childhood, affects behavioral patterns, attention spans, and overall cognitive function.

Dr. Rohit Verma, Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychiatry at AIIMS, Delhi, has observed a notable shift in ADHD diagnosis trends.

“Many young adults are coming forward with complaints of impulsivity, inattentiveness, distraction, stress, and disorganized lifestyles, all of which impact their work and personal lives. Some even bring their family members, which is unusual since ADHD is usually first noticed and reported by parents of younger children. Additionally, teenagers, previously undiagnosed, are now seeking help due to academic difficulties,” he explains.

UK study highlights ADHD’s impact on lifespan

A recent study published on Cambridge.org highlights the serious implications of ADHD in adulthood. The study suggests that adults diagnosed with ADHD tend to have shorter lifespans, often due to modifiable risk factors and unmet support or treatment needs. Co-occurring mental and physical health conditions push individuals toward high-risk behaviors, such as substance abuse and self-harm. The research further estimates that nearly 3% of adults in the UK have ADHD, with many cases remaining undiagnosed.

Can ADHD develop in Adulthood?

ADHD in adults is largely influenced by genetic and environmental factors. In some cases, it is an underlying condition from childhood that intensifies over time. Poor lifestyle habits, stress, anxiety, and inadequate diet can also trigger the condition. However, diagnosing ADHD in adults remains challenging due to the absence of standardized criteria unless the individual was diagnosed as a child. Those exhibiting fresh symptoms after the age of 18 cannot be assessed using childhood diagnostic parameters. Studies suggest that ADHD prevalence is particularly high among individuals engaged in substance abuse.

Identifying symptoms in adults

One of the most common signs of adult ADHD is poor organizational skills. Affected individuals struggle with multitasking, exhibit restlessness, and often appear fidgety. “We do not diagnose children with ADHD before the age of seven, as hyperactivity is common in early childhood. The disorder is confirmed only when hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity persist and disrupt daily functioning,” Dr. Verma notes.

Link between ADHD and risk-taking behavior

The UK study provides compelling evidence that adults with ADHD are more prone to engaging in risk-taking behavior. Shared traits such as impulsivity and substance abuse make them particularly vulnerable. Data from the AIIMS Substance Abuse Centre and the National Drug Dependence and Treatment Centre suggest a high prevalence of ADHD among individuals seeking treatment for substance dependence. However, there has been little comprehensive research on this correlation in India so far.

Managing ADHD in adults

Effective management of adult ADHD involves structured behavioral strategies. Patients are encouraged to break down large tasks into smaller, manageable steps with scheduled breaks to maintain focus. Establishing daily routines and using planners can help improve organization. Mindfulness exercises are also recommended to enhance concentration and self-awareness.

As ADHD diagnoses rise among young adults in India, the need for early intervention and tailored support systems becomes crucial in mitigating its long-term impact on mental health and overall well-being.