We control technology, we shape it and then it shapes us!

Prof. (Dr.) Vibhuti Sachdev, Dean and Director of Visakhapatnam’s GITAM School of Architecture, discusses the integration of theory and practice, industry collaboration, and the evolving role of architecture in addressing global challenges in an interview with Education Post’s Prabhav Anand, who touches upon her rigorous teaching philosophy, which emphasizes empathy and ethical values in shaping architects equipped not only with technical expertise but also with cultural sensitivity.

Q. Your academic journey from studying at the renowned School of Planning and Architecture in New Delhi to obtaining a Ph.D. in architectural theory at the prestigious School of Oriental and African Studies in London is impressive. How have your experiences influenced your philosophy on architectural education? 

Tracing my academic path, from the School of Planning and Architecture in New Delhi to a Ph.D. in Architectural theory at London's School of Oriental and African Studies, has shaped my views on teaching architecture. Earning a Ph.D. means diving deep into a topic, learning to work systematically, and, most crucially, questioning your own preconceived ideas. This intense research process taught me to think differently and has profoundly influenced how I now teach and lead in academia.

In my teaching, I stress the importance of thorough, detailed work that comes from research. Being a good researcher means you have to understand people's different experiences, which is also a key part of being a good architect. The skills of asking tough questions and really considering what people need are at the heart of both learning about architecture and doing it in the real world.

My time at the University of Sussex, especially from 1999 to 2004, was an eye-opening experience. Back then, incorporating digital technology into learning was pretty new, and it showed me how critical it is to make sure students play an active role in their own education. Nevertheless, relying too much on technology can sometimes make us forget the human touch that's so important in teaching.

Teaching is more than just a job. It's about guiding and inspiring the next generation. A good teacher can make a student fall in love with a subject, while a not-so-good one might turn them off completely. Realizing the impact a teacher can have has changed me and the way I view my role in education. It's a chance not only to grow personally but also to make a positive mark on the future.

Q. With a career spanning practice, research, and lecturing, including an important role as a consultant on the restoration of the Jal Mahal in Jaipur, how do you balance theoretical knowledge and practical insights in your approach to teaching architecture?

In my career which includes practical architectural work, research, and teaching, I've strived to bridge the gap between theory and practice. Theory that can’t be applied is of little value, while practice without the grounding of theory, without deep thinking and reflection, risks being superficial or even hazardous.

In essence, theory and practice are two sides of the same coin. Theoretical knowledge should feed into practical skills, guiding how we build and create. On the other hand, hands-on experience enriches our understanding of theories. Although they are often taught separately for the sake of simplicity, in the real world, they intertwine and complement each other. Breaking down this artificial divide can lead to a more holistic and beneficial way of learning and doing architecture.

Q. Some argue that there is a lack of industry collaboration in architecture education, leading to a potential mismatch between academic training and industry needs. How can partnerships between educational institutions and the architectural industry be strengthened to ensure better alignment?

The gap between architecture education and the industry arises from an outdated view that sees these two areas as separate. We need to change this mindset and work closely together for the benefit of future architects. The construction industry, being complex and often driven by money and ego, needs to be more open to collaboration with educational institutions.

Some companies already involve students in competitions and projects, but we need a deeper level of cooperation. Both sides must show mutual respect, as there can be biases and misunderstandings that hinder progress. Educators bring a broader perspective, instilling values and sensitivity that go beyond the practical aspects of architecture.

Teaching Architecture is a serious responsibility with long-lasting impacts, yet there's a need for better training and support for educators. By addressing these challenges, we can have a more cohesive and mutually beneficial relationship between education and the architectural industry.

Q. The architectural profession is increasingly being called upon to address global challenges such as climate change and sustainable design. How is architecture education in India adapting to instil a strong sense of environmental responsibility and innovation in its curriculum?

This is an important issue, especially in India, with its diverse landscapes and communities. To prepare students for global challenges, it's crucial for architecture education to cover a wide range of ecosystems and contexts. The Council of Architecture (CoA) sets basic standards, but schools have the freedom to go beyond these and create strong, distinct identities. Continuous improvement is key to keep up with the changing world.

Q. The regulatory framework for architecture education in India has undergone changes over the years. What are your thoughts on the current accreditation processes, and do you see room for improvement to ensure higher standards of education?

In our curriculum, I focus on three main things: context, community, and culture. It's essential for students to understand that every piece of land has a story and architects need to honor that when they design. Preserving the past is crucial to respecting the land, vegetation, culture, history, and previous communities.

The era of star architects seems to be over, and the profession is shifting towards a more community-based and participatory design approach. This means architects need to work closely with communities and learn from global practices. For example, in the UK, residents are consulted before building new structures, creating a respectful relationship. Architects need to connect with communities instead of working in isolation. While there are challenges, there are positive changes happening in India.

Q. What are the strengths and areas of improvement in architecture education in India, and what are the future trends and challenges in architecture and design education globally?

In considering the future of architecture education in India, two main aspects come to the fore: future challenges and India's exceptional contributions to the field. The challenges ahead are substantial, largely stemming from the evolving social fabric and changing family dynamics. Traditional ideas of a standard household with fixed roles are rapidly evolving, and architectural responses need to adjust to this complexity, with standard three-bedroom layouts becoming outdated.

The design and use of living spaces are also changing with diverse activities like work, living, and personal experiences being accommodated within individual living arrangements. This shift is driven by changing aspirations, calls for equality, and evolving healthcare needs. Future homes may integrate medical rooms, reflecting the evolving norm where emergency preparations become a routine part of life. The concept of home is evolving with virtual healthcare, home gyms, and a broader understanding of individual space requirements.

Amid these challenges, innovative approaches are emerging. These include assisted learning environments, intergenerational living spaces, and designs that break barriers to create more inclusive environments. What's truly thrilling is the departure from traditional architectural notions, favoring a more dynamic and adaptable approach.

In this context, India shines due to its rich array of values encompassing cultural, social, and economic dimensions. The country's social complexity, cultural diversity, and the coexistence of various worldviews provide a unique advantage. India's ancient civilization offers profound wisdom, while its geographic diversity within one national boundary is an extraordinary asset. The multilingual landscape adds another layer, offering varied idioms and ways of thinking.

India's role in shaping the future of architecture is crucial, not just economically, but also through its design, social, and cultural values. The country's ability to draw from its diverse heritage and navigate a complex societal structure positions it as a significant player in the evolving global architectural landscape.

Watch full interview here: 

Q. How important are technologies like artificial intelligence (AI) and virtual reality (VR) in the field of architecture, especially since architects rely heavily on their creativity? 

Technology is a tool, and it's how we use it that matters most. Whether we're talking about sophisticated digital methods or more traditional practices, each has its own value. Our human spirit goes beyond what technology can do. It's important to use technology consciously. For example, I use social media for work rather than personal use. When it comes to online activities, like shopping, it's important to make thoughtful choices and not just follow algorithms. We create artificial intelligence (AI) by feeding it data based on our own preferences. It's important to remember essential skills, like cooking, especially in uncertain times. 

During the COVID-19 pandemic, we saw how important basic skills were when disruptions occurred in the delivery system. These skills help us stay connected to our environment and ensure our well-being. Slower activities like gardening and crafting bring joy and unity to families, reminding us of the simple pleasures in life.