Delhi Wakes Up to Severe Smog, AQI Slips into ‘Severe’ Category

Delhi and the National Capital Region (NCR) woke up to dense smog on 19 January, as air quality deteriorated sharply, with the Air Quality Index (AQI) touching around 444, placing it in the ‘Severe’ category. Poor visibility, eye irritation, and breathing discomfort were reported across several parts of the city, highlighting the recurring winter pollution crisis faced by the national capital.

According to official monitoring agencies, high concentrations of particulate matter—especially PM2.5 and PM10—were the primary contributors to the hazardous air conditions. Calm wind speeds, low temperatures, and high humidity during winter have trapped pollutants close to the ground, preventing their dispersion. Emissions from vehicular traffic, construction activities, industrial sources, and biomass burning in surrounding regions continue to exacerbate the situation.

Health experts have warned that prolonged exposure to severe air pollution can aggravate respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Authorities have urged residents to limit outdoor activities, particularly children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing health conditions. People have also been advised to use masks, avoid strenuous exercise outdoors, and follow health advisories issued by local bodies.

The severe smog has also disrupted daily life, with reduced visibility affecting road traffic and early-morning train and flight operations at some locations. Schools and offices reported increased absenteeism as residents sought to minimize exposure to toxic air.

Government agencies are closely monitoring the situation and have indicated that emergency pollution control measures may be intensified if air quality fails to improve. These measures include restrictions under the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP), such as curbs on construction activities, increased public transport usage, and stricter enforcement of emission norms.

Delhi’s air pollution remains a persistent winter challenge, driven by a combination of local emissions and unfavourable meteorological conditions. While short-term measures aim to mitigate immediate health risks, experts stress that long-term solutions—such as cleaner transport, sustainable urban planning, and regional coordination—are essential to prevent recurring smog episodes in the future.