Ryan Baidya, representing the Takshila Foundation in San Jose, California, USA, discusses how trees' resilience in storms and adverse conditions parallels the importance of deep roots for stability and anchorage. This analogy underscores the significance of understanding true history for societal strength and resilience.
In the natural world, the resilience of trees is often attributed to the depth and strength of their roots. The analogy of trees and their roots provides an undeniable illustration of resilience and stability:
Biological Resilience: Many trees that stand tall in the face of storms, heavy rains, snowfalls, and other adverse natural events owe their survival to their deep roots. These roots anchor the tree firmly in the ground, allowing it to withstand external forces and continue thriving despite challenging conditions.
Vulnerability of Shallow Roots: On the other hand, trees with shallow or weak roots are more likely to succumb to these natural events, as they lack the stability and nourishment that deeper roots provide.
In the same way, individuals who are aware of and connected to their roots demonstrate greater resilience in navigating life's ups and downs:
Awareness and Connection: Individuals who understand their family history, cultural heritage, and the historical context of their community and nation are better equipped to handle adversity. This awareness provides a sense of identity, belonging, and continuity that can be a source of strength and guidance. Take Finland, for example. During the Winter War of 1939-1940, the Finnish people rallied together against a much larger Soviet force. This unity was partly fueled by a deep sense of national identity and pride in their history and cultural heritage (Turtola, 2001).
Psychological Stability: Just as deep roots stabilize a tree, a strong connection to one’s roots fosters psychological stability and self-esteem. It helps individuals anchor their sense of self in a broader historical and cultural narrative, giving them a framework to interpret and respond to life's challenges. For example, a study by Duke University found that children who know stories about their relatives who faced and overcame challenges tend to be more resilient and have better coping skills (Duke, 2010).
Erosion of Identity: When history is diluted, manipulated, or hidden, the consequences can be dire. Individuals and communities may experience a loss of identity and self-esteem. This phenomenon can be observed in various indigenous communities worldwide, where colonial histories have often been suppressed or distorted. In Australia, the impact of the "Stolen Generations"—where Aboriginal children were forcibly removed from their families—has led to long-lasting trauma and disconnection from cultural roots. Efforts to reclaim and teach true history are crucial for healing and rebuilding community strength (Read, 1999).
Social Cohesion and National Productivity: A populace disconnected from its roots can suffer from reduced social cohesion and national productivity. In the United States, debates over the teaching of history in schools illustrate this point. States that have implemented inclusive curricula that acknowledge the contributions and struggles of all groups, such as California, often report higher levels of student engagement and achievement (Banks, 2013). Conversely, regions where history education is fragmented or politicized may see increased societal divisions and a decline in civic participation.
Understanding and connecting with one's roots involves delving into the history of family, village, ethnic group, and country – the qaum:
Historical Knowledge: Learning about the past— be it family stories, cultural traditions, or national history—enables individuals to connect with their roots deeply. This knowledge provides a sense of where they come from and how they fit into the larger narrative of their community and nation.
Challenges of Historical Accuracy: However, history is often not straightforward. It can be diluted, manipulated, or even hidden from the rightful citizens. When history is misrepresented or obscured, it disconnects individuals from their roots, potentially leading to a lack of self-esteem and a weakened sense of identity. This creates a weak nation that is vulnerable to foreign influences, and indirect controls – loss of true freedom or a pseudo-colonial state.
Citizens must demand an accurate and comprehensive representation of their history to maintain a strong connection to their roots:
Demand for Truth: In the face of manipulated or hidden histories, individuals and communities should strive for the truth. This involves advocating for historical accuracy, inclusiveness, and transparency in educational curricula and public narratives.
Collective Identity and National Productivity: Without an accurate understanding of history, individuals may suffer from a lack of self-esteem, which can adversely affect national productivity and social cohesion. A well-rooted populace, informed by a truthful and inclusive history, is essential for a resilient and thriving society.
The concept of roots, whether in the context of trees or humans, underscores the importance of a solid foundation for resilience and growth. For trees, deep roots provide stability and nourishment, enabling them to withstand natural adversities. For individuals, a deep connection to one’s roots—through an understanding of family, cultural, and national history—fosters psychological resilience and a strong sense of identity. Ensuring that history is accurately represented and accessible is crucial for maintaining this connection, ultimately contributing to personal well-being and national productivity.
Let’s consider India (Bharat) as an example to elaborate this view further. Since India's independence in 1947, the educational narrative and governmental policies have significantly shaped the historical understanding of Indian citizens. The systematic dilution, manipulation, and cover-up of historical facts, particularly from the 11th century until the end of the British Raj, have deprived generations of Indians of a true understanding of their roots. This disconnection has had profound implications for individual and national identity, self-esteem, and socio-economic progress.
Educational Policies Post-Independence: The Ministry of Education, along with various governments, has played a pivotal role in shaping the historical narratives taught in schools. Post-independence, the focus was often on creating a unified national identity, which sometimes led to the suppression or alteration of certain historical facts to avoid communal tensions or to promote certain political ideologies.
Colonial Histories and Their Aftermath: The colonial period, especially the British Raj, saw a deliberate effort to present Indian history in a manner that justified British rule and exploitation. Post-1947, this colonial narrative was not thoroughly deconstructed. Historians like Bipan Chandra and Romila Thapar have pointed out that colonial interpretations of Indian history often portrayed pre-British India as chaotic and despotic, thus legitimizing colonial rule (Thapar, 2000).
Controversial Periods: Key periods such as the Mughal era and the British Raj have been particularly contentious. The portrayal of Mughal rulers has oscillated between glorification and vilification, often ignoring the nuanced realities of their reigns. Similarly, the narrative of the British Raj has sometimes minimized the economic exploitation, famines, deaths by millions, and social disruption caused by colonial policies.
Loss of Identity and Self-Esteem: A manipulated historical narrative has led to a fragmented understanding of Indian heritage. Many Indians lack a comprehensive and accurate understanding of their past, leading to a diminished sense of identity and self-worth. This phenomenon is especially pronounced among younger generations who, deprived of a true historical context, often struggle with cultural dislocation. Perhaps, this was the intended outcome desired by the post-colonial rulers.
Social and Communal Tensions: The selective representation of history has exacerbated communal tensions. For instance, the oversimplified narratives of Hindu-Muslim relations during the Mughal period have fueled modern-day animosities. The Page 5 of 9 lack of an honest recounting of historical events has prevented the development of a nuanced understanding of inter-community dynamics.
Economic and National Productivity: The loss of historical connectivity has also impacted national productivity. A populace that does not fully understand its cultural and historical heritage may lack the collective motivation and unity necessary for nation-building. The historical misrepresentation has led to a society that is often divided and lacking in cohesive national pride.
The Mughal Empire (1526-1857) is one of the most significant periods in Indian history, marked by achievements, destructions, and contentious issues. The portrayal of Mughal rulers has been highly polarized, oscillating between glorification and vilification.
Glorification: Akbar is often celebrated for his policies of religious tolerance, administrative reforms, and efforts to foster a syncretic culture through initiatives like the Din-i-Ilahi, a syncretic religion.
Nuanced Reality: While Akbar's reign brought relative peace and prosperity, it is essential to acknowledge the military conquests and political strategies he employed to consolidate his empire, which included coercion and force.
Vilification: Aurangzeb is frequently vilified for his perceived religious intolerance, re-imposition of the Jizya tax on non-Muslims, and destruction of Hindu families and temples.
Nuanced Reality: Aurangzeb's reign also saw significant expansion of the Mughal Empire and administrative efficiency. However, his policies alienated many non-Muslim subjects and contributed to regional discontent, which eventually weakened the empire.
The British Raj (1858-1947) is another period marked by significant controversy, often minimized in historical narratives.
Economic Exploitation: Drain of Wealth: The British systematically extracted wealth from India, leading to widespread poverty and famine. The drain theory, proposed by Dadabhai Naoroji, highlights how resources and wealth were siphoned off to Britain.
Bengal Famine of 1943: A catastrophic famine in Bengal, exacerbated by British wartime policies and administrative failures, resulted in the deaths of an estimated 3 million people. Winston Churchill's policies and indifferent attitude towards the famine have been heavily criticized.
Social Disruption: Divide and Rule: The British employed a divide-and-rule strategy, exacerbating Hindu-Muslim tensions. The partition of Bengal in 1905 is a notable example, which intensified communal animosity and was later reversed due to widespread protests.
Cultural Suppression: The British suppressed Indian culture and languages, promoting English education and Western values, which created a socio-cultural chasm between the educated elite and the masses. Some of which still persist in many pockets of Indian society.
Subhas Chandra Bose, a prominent freedom fighter, played a crucial role in India's struggle for independence. His life and actions, especially post-1943, remain shrouded in mystery and controversy.
Role and Impact: Bose formed the INA with Japanese support to fight against British rule. His leadership invigorated nationalist sentiment, and his famous slogan, "Give me blood, and I will give you freedom," galvanized many Indians.
Mystery: Bose's disappearance in 1945 and the official narrative of his death in a plane crash in Taiwan have been subjects of intense speculation. Various theories suggest that he survived and lived incognito, possibly in the Soviet Union or elsewhere, and later in India as a monk who died in 1985.
Cover-Up: The Indian government has been criticized for not fully declassifying documents related to Bose's disappearance. Several committees and investigations have failed to provide conclusive evidence about his fate, leading to allegations of a cover-up.
Secrecy: Successive Indian governments have kept many files on Bose classified, fueling suspicions of an orchestrated cover-up. The Mukherjee Commission (1999-2005) rejected the plane crash theory but did not provide a definitive alternative.
Declassification Efforts: In recent years, there has been a push for the declassification of all files related to Bose. In 2016, the Indian government declassified a batch of files, but many crucial documents are still not publicly accessible.
A national Shame: It is a national shame for not recognizing its son who was instrumental in driving away the brutal British from India, not allowing him to live as a free citizen of his own country, and finally his true life path and death.
The portrayal of key historical periods such as the Mughal era and the British Raj, along with the mysterious case of Subhas Chandra Bose, highlights the complexities and controversies in Indian historiography. The oscillation between glorification and vilification of historical figures like Akbar and Aurangzeb, the minimization of colonial exploitation, and the opaque handling of Bose's legacy underscore the need for a more nuanced and transparent approach to history. Accurate historical narratives are essential for Indian citizens to connect with their roots, fostering a sense of identity and resilience crucial for the nation's progress – The Bikshit Bharat starts with removing the national shame.
Demanding Accurate Narratives: Revisiting Indian Historical Narratives: There is an urgent need to revisit and revise the historical narratives taught in Indian schools and colleges. This involves a thorough reassessment of textbooks and curricula to ensure they present an accurate, inclusive, and comprehensive view of Indian history. Indian history is rich with diverse perspectives, including those of various regional, cultural, and socio-economic groups. These perspectives need to be integrated into the mainstream narrative to provide a fuller picture of the nation's past.The demand for accurate and comprehensive historical narratives is crucial for fostering a well-rounded and resilient populace. Movements such as South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission exemplify the power of confronting and understanding historical truths. This process not only aids in healing but also strengthens the social fabric by acknowledging past injustices and fostering a shared national identity (Tutu, 1999). However, It is important to note that there were insignificant ideological differences among the South African nationals. History taught us that ideological differences are extremely difficult to overcome without an understanding of history, appropriate openness to education, and overall high collective national wisdom.
Educational Reforms: To connect individuals with their roots, educational systems must prioritize the teaching of history inclusively and truthfully. Efforts to decolonize education and integrate indigenous knowledge systems are steps in the right direction. For instance, New Zealand's curriculum now includes mandatory lessons on Māori history and culture, which has been shown to enhance cultural pride and mutual respect among students (Smith, 2020).
Revisiting Indian Historical Narratives: There is an urgent need to revisit and revise the historical narratives taught in Indian schools and colleges. This involves a thorough reassessment of textbooks and curricula to ensure they present an accurate, inclusive, and comprehensive view of Indian history. Indian history is rich with diverse perspectives, including those of various regional, cultural, and socio-economic groups. These perspectives need to be integrated into the mainstream narrative to provide a fuller picture of the nation's past.
Recent efforts to decolonize education and incorporate indigenous knowledge systems are steps in the right direction. For instance, the National Education Policy 2020 aims to promote holistic and multidisciplinary education, which includes a more fine distinction of understanding of history (NEP, 2020).
In conclusion, the systematic deprivation of historical knowledge in India since 1947 has had far-reaching consequences on individual and national identity, social cohesion, and economic productivity. By demanding an accurate and comprehensive representation of history, Indian citizens can reconnect with their roots, fostering a stronger sense of identity and resilience. Understanding the true narrative of India's past is essential for building a united, informed, and progressive nation.
1. Duke University (2010). The Secrets of Resilient Kids. Family Process.
2. Turtola, M. (2001). The Winter War: Finland Against the Soviet Union 1939-1940. A Study of National Resilience.
3. Read, P. (1999). The Stolen Generations: The Removal of Aboriginal Children in New South Wales 1883 to 1969. Bringing Them Home Report.
4. Banks, J. A. (2013). Diversity and Citizenship Education: Global Perspectives.
5. Tutu, D. (1999). No Future Without Forgiveness. Truth and Reconciliation in South Africa.
6. Smith, L. T. (2020). Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples. New Zealand Educational Reforms.
7. Thapar, R. (2000). A History of India Volume One. Penguin Books.
8. Naoroji, D. (1901). Poverty and Un-British Rule in India. Swan Sonnenschein & Co., Ltd.
9. Sen, A. (1981). Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation. Oxford University Press.
10. Mukherjee Commission Report (2005). Government of India.
11. Bose, S. C. (1944). The Indian Struggle. Thacker & Co.
12. National Education Policy (NEP), 2020. Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India.
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